Ctrl + Space : Autocomplete the word to some command or variable in eclipse. See here for more.
Ctrl + 1 : If there is  just one more shortcut you remember from this post, let it be this one.  The other super awesome, context sensitive shortcut in Eclipse, which is  basically Quick Fix. See here for more.
Ctrl + F11 : Reruns the  last run configuration that was executed. If you do TDD, then Alt +  Shift + X, T followed by Ctrl + F11 is the most standard approach.
Ctrl + Shift + R :  Shows the Open Resource dialog. Type to filter, and jump directly  between classes. I love this shortcut, and use and abuse it!
Ctrl + Shift + O : Organizes Imports, and gets rid of unused imports.
Ctrl + O : Shows the  methods and properties of a class. You can start typing to filter and  hit enter to jump to a particular signature / type. Hitting Ctrl + O  again toggles showing inherited members. Very useful for jumping between  sections in a class, or finding that one method you want to get to.
Ctrl + T : Opens the  Type Heirarchy. Shows all super classes as well as sub classes /  implementing types in your class path. Very useful for jumping to an  implementation class. Can be called from the class type, or even a  method signature. Can toggle between Supertype and Subtype heirarchy if  you hit Ctrl + T again. Again, you can type and filter once you are in  this menu.
Ctrl + / : Comment / Uncomment code. Single or multiple lines, depending on what you have selected. Enuff said.
Alt + Shift + R : One  of my most used shortcuts, Rename. It renames anything from variables to  methods to even classes, renaming the class files if necessary. Also  fixes all references to refer to it by the new name. Can sometimes break  if there are compile errors, so watch out when you use it. You can also  ask it to fix all textual references as well.
Alt + Shift + M :  Extract Method. Super useful method to break up a larger method into  smaller chunks. If the code block you have selected does not need to  return too many types, and looks reasonable as a separate method, then  pulls up  a prompt where you can basically edit the method signature,  including return type, method name and order and type of parameters.  Very useful
Alt + Shift + C : Only  useful when the cursor is on a method signature, but this one allows you  to refactor and change the method signature. This includes changing the  return type, method name, and the parameters to the method, including  order, and default values if you are introducing a new one.  Automagically fixes all references to said method.
Alt + Shift + L : Once  you have a expression selected (a method call, or whatever), then Alt +  Shift + L extracts that to a local variable. It prompts you for the name  of the variable, and automatically infers the type as best as it can.  Extremely useful shortcut!
Alt + Shift + Up / Down  : This one is a useful one. If you hit up, it selects the next biggest  code block, down selects the next smallest. Useful in conjunction with  refactoring shortcuts like extract local variable, extract method, etc.  Useful to know.
Alt + Shift + T :  Brings up the Refactor menu. Depending on the context, this will show  options like Rename, Move, Extract Interfaces and classes, Change Method  Signature, etc. Nice to know, but not one I use very often. The ones I  do use have already been listed above.
Alt + Shift + S : Shows  the Source menu. This includes menu options like Comment related, and  the ever useful Override / Implement Methods, Generate Getters and  Setters, and much more. Some of the menu options have direct shortcuts,  but a lot of the generate commands don’t, so useful to know.
Alt + Shift + X : Pulls  up the Run menu, and shows what key you have to press to run a  particular type. Now I generally use this as Alt + Shift + X, followed  by T, which basically executes a JUnit Test. Fastest way to run unit  tests without leaving the comfort of your keyboard.
Alt + Up / Down : Moves  a block of lines up or down. Rather than say, selecting, hitting Ctrl +  X and then going to the place and pasting, why not just select all the  lines, and use Alt + Up or Down to move them. Automatically handles  indentation depending on the block. Very convenient
Ctrl + D :  Nice and  Simple, deletes the current line the cursor is on. If you have selected  multiple lines, then they are all blown away. Much faster than selecting  a line and hitting delete.
UPDATE: Adding in some of the shortcuts that I forgot or were mentioned in the comments for easy finding
Ctrl + L : Jump to a Line number
Ctrl + Shift + T : Display available types. A better version of Ctrl + Shift + R if you are only looking for Java classes
Alt + Shift + Up / Down : Duplicate selected lines above or below. Easier than hitting Ctrl + C followed by Ctrl + V
Ctrl + Alt + H : This  one, I didn’t know about. but pulls up the Call heirarchy, showing you  all callers and users of the method under the cursor. Super useful,  especially if you are refactoring.
Ctrl + Shift + L : Show the list of shortcuts. You can hit it again to go in and edit your shortcuts.
 
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